Imagine crouching in the grass with a bison hide on your back while massive 2,000 pound animals graze a few feet from you.

Moments later, you bellow like a stressed calf, wanting the herd to follow the noise.

You continue to do so until you are close to a cliff and then you start running as fast as you can towards the cliff while a herd of 40 bison stampede behind you.

TBC's annual membership meeting. Photo courtesy of Jim Stone.

February 28, 2026

The InterTribal Buffalo Council (ITBC) was established in 1992 as a grassroots organization to restore bison to Tribal lands.

The ITBC coordinates with the National Park Service to facilitate the transfer of bison culled from national park lands to Tribal lands, facilitates educational programs and provides technical assistance to 56 Tribes.

Diagram showing bottleneck genetics. Further explained in the body of the article. NPS Photo.

January 24, 2026

By the beginning of the 1900s, bison were not only teetering on the edge of extinction, but they were also about to endure the ultimate genetic ordeal.

Think about the basic genetics you may have learned in school and every vocabulary term you needed to memorize.

Bison were about to be put to the ultimate test.

Karner blue butterfly in Emmons Creek State Fishery Area. Photo by Gregor Schuurman.

December 27, 2025

A tiny, rare blue butterfly with a one inch wing span is making a come-back in central Wisconsin, in part due to the largest land mammal in North America.

Originally ranging across 12 states from Maine to Minnesota and at sites in the Canadian province of Ontario, the federally endangered Karner blue butterfly is thriving at the 9,150 acre Sandhill State Wildlife Area in central Wisconsin.

Public domain photo

July 26, 2025

Have you ever tried an online search for the word "buffalo?"

If you do so by Google, you will see that there are over 1.3 trillion online references to that single word-buffalo!

NPS graphic.

June 28, 2025

Countless elements influence and threaten the health of wildlife species and the habitats they live in.

Disease, such as brucellosis, represents one of these aspects and can pose a significant risk to the conservation of species, especially a species such as the American bison.

Brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Brucella abortus and is commonly transmitted between elk, bison and domestic livestock.

Photos courtesy of National Parks Service and Parks of Canada.

May 24, 2025

Were all these bison the same species, the same animal? Indeed, when are bison not exactly the same?

Through extensive long-term natural history studies and scientific investigations, even to the genetic and cellular levels, we now understand that there is one species of bison that is comprised of two subspecies in North America and another species of bison in Europe.

April 26, 2025

If someone asked you to describe the word "thanksgiving," what would you say?

Would it be a day to give thanks and be with friends and family? A day to watch football and eat a large turkey dinner?

Or would you describe the first Thanksgiving and possibly the more tragic events that followed for the American Indians?

Mach 22, 2025

The decimation of the North American bison from tens of millions of free roaming animals to fewer than one thousand by the beginning of the 20th century was a tragedy and a confirmation of the rapacious nature of humankind.

The sound of the bison bellow was nearly permanently silenced.

February 22, 2025

Can you imagine being struck by lightning? Sparky, a bison at Neal Smith National Wildlife Refuge in Iowa knows exactly what it's like! Sparky was struck in 2013 and is doing surprisingly well.

January 25, 2025

Just like cows and elk, bison have four stomachs. While you may think this means that bison can eat four times as much as animals with one stomach, this is not the case.

Their four-chambered, ruminant digestive system allows for the absorption of cellulose—a fibrous plant material that is hard to breakdown. With this ability to digest cellulose and their selective grazing habits, one of bison's greatest influences to the prairie ecosystem is based on their foraging ecology.

December 28, 2024

After four years of outreach to Congress and the White House, by the Wildlife Conservation Society, its partners the InterTribal Buffalo Council and National Bison Association and 60-plus Vote Bison Coalition members, the National Bison Legacy Act was signed on May 9, 2016, officially making the bison our national mammal. This historic event represents a true comeback story, embedded with history, culture, and conservation.

November 23, 2024

Every year when mid-winter arrives, snow can blanket the northern Great Plains, temperatures can drop well below zero and the winds can howl unmercifully and yet bison remain alive and well on the hostile landscape. Indeed, bison have evolved digestive, physiological, and behavioral strategies that allow them to survive some of the harshest weather in North America.

October 26, 2024

Healthy Prairie Relies on Bison Boop

One story, the legend of the White Buffalo Calf Woman, or Ptesan Wi, is a very sacred story for the American Indians. Many American Indians, such as the Sioux, Cherokee, Navaho, Lakota, and Dakota, celebrate the white buffalo calf and incorporate Ptesan Wi'steachings in their prayers.

September 28, 2024

One story, the legend of the White Buffalo Calf Woman, or Ptesan Wi, is a very sacred story for the American Indians. Many American Indians, such as the Sioux, Cherokee, Navaho, Lakota, and Dakota, celebrate the white buffalo calf and incorporate Ptesan Wi'steachings in their prayers.

August 31, 2024

Along the Utah-Colorado state border sits a mountain range resembling a shelf of books. This 1.2 million acre range, known as the Book Cliffs, is home to magnificent sandstone buttes, pinyon-juniper filled arroyos, and a herd of roughly 400 bison. This bison herd is only constrained by the steep and rugged canyons found in the Book Cliffs: it truly is a free-ranging and wild population.

July 27, 2024

As the summer flowers begin to appear and the days start to warm, the prairie ecosystem is soon dotted with newborn bison. These young calves, born mostly between March and June, are born with an orange-brown to reddish-brown "buff" color, which slowly darkens to adult coloration by four months.

June 29, 2024

As the summer flowers begin to appear and the days start to warm, the prairie ecosystem is soon dotted with newborn bison. These young calves, born mostly between March and June, are born with an orange-brown to reddish-brown "buff" color, which slowly darkens to adult coloration by four months.

May 29, 2024

Older and more dominant males display more aggressive behaviors than younger makes during the rut.

As the seasons change throughout the year, the size and herd dynamics of the American bison vary.
These herd variations are known as seasonal aggregation or seasonal segregation---depending on the time of year.

April 29, 2024

There will always remain uncertainty about historic temporal and spatial variability of bison occupancy and movement patterns across the full extent of the species historic range. What we do know is that there were regional areas within the historic range where: